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The 06 is the year of adoption by the USA 1906.The 30 is the caliber so they put the two together 30-06.There was an earlier round they tried 30-03 but settled on the former. The .308 is the bore size .It uses the same diameter bullets as the 30-06,30-30,30-40 Krag and 300 win mag.The 30-06 case length is 63mm and the .308 51mm.Harold
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