From a CDN Govt report on sewage effluent.
There are a variety of chemicals commonly found in municipal effluents that are capable of binding to the hormone receptors and causing endocrine disruption. These include alkylphenol polyethoxylates and their metabolites, which have been shown to cause vitellogenin induction, intersex, and impair growth and gonad development. Natural and synthetic estrogens (estradiol, estrone, ethinyl estradiol) have recently been identified in sewage effluents at concentrations that can cause vitellogenin induction and other estrogenic effects in fish. A recent survey in Canada suggests that both alkylphenolics and estrogens are common contaminants in final effluents. Although some chemical characterization of effluents has recently been undertaken in Canada, the extent and significance of estrogenic effects attributable to sewage effluents has not yet been established.
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